What Does It Mean to Be Born Again From a Universalist Perspective

Christian belief that all will be reconciled to God

Off Center Cross of Christian Universalism

Christian universalism is a school of Christian theology focused around the doctrine of universal reconciliation – the view that all homo beings will ultimately be saved and restored to a correct relationship with God. Christian universalism and the belief or promise in the universal reconciliation through Christ can even exist understood as synonyms.^[ane]

The term Christian universalism was used in the 1820s past Russell Streeter in the Christian Intelligencer of Portland, Maine – a descendant of Adams Streeter who had founded one of the first Universalist Churches on September xiv, 1785.^{[2] [3] [iv]} Christian universalists believe this was the nigh mutual interpretation of Christianity in Early Christianity, prior to the 6th century.^{[5] [6]}

As a formal Christian denomination, Christian universalism originated in the late 18th century with the Universalist Church of America. There is currently no unmarried denomination uniting Christian universalists, but a few denominations teach some of the principles of Christian universalism or are open to them.

Unitarian Universalism historically grew out of Christian universalism but is not an exclusively Christian denomination. Information technology formed from a 1961 merger of two historically Christian denominations, the Universalist Church of America and the American Unitarian Clan, both based in the United States. In the academic world, theologians such every bit Karl Barth and Jürgen Moltmann are typically held to accept supported a theology of universal reconciliation.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Beliefs [edit]

In his Plain Guide to Universalism, the universalist Thomas Wittemore wrote, "The sentiment by which Universalists are distinguished, is this: that at last every individual of the man race shall go holy and happy. This does not incorporate the whole of their faith, but, just that feature of information technology which is peculiar to them and by which they are distinguished from the rest of the world."^[7]

The remaining central beliefs of Christian universalism are compatible with Christianity in general:

• God is the loving Parent of all people, see Love of God.
• Jesus Christ reveals the nature and grapheme of God and is the spiritual leader of humankind, run across New Covenant.
• Humankind is created with an immortal soul which death does non end—or a mortal soul that shall be resurrected and/or preserved past God—and which God will not wholly destroy.^[eight]
• Sin has negative consequences for the sinner either in this life or the afterlife.

In 1899 the Universalist Full general Convention, later called the Universalist Church of America, adopted the 5 Principles: the belief in God, belief in Jesus Christ, the immortality of the human soul, that sinful deportment accept outcome, and universal reconciliation.^[nine]

Views on Hell [edit]

Christian Universalists disagree on whether or not Hell exists. All the same, they do agree that if it does, the punishment there is corrective and remedial, and does not last forever.^[10]

Purgatorial Hell and Patristic Universalism [edit]

Purgatorial Universalism was the belief of some of the early church fathers, especially Greek-speaking ones such equally Cloudless of Alexandria, Origen, and Gregory of Nyssa. It asserts that the unsaved volition undergo hell, just that hell is remedial (neither everlasting nor purely retributive) according to key scriptures and that after purification or conversion all volition enter Heaven. Judaism teaches something similar – hell is an intense experience of cleansing, more an expression of kindness than a punishment.^[11]

Fourth-century Christian theologian and Bishop Diodorus of Tarsus wrote: "For the wicked in that location are punishments, not perpetual, however, lest the immortality prepared for them should be a disadvantage, just they are to exist purified for a brief menstruation according to the amount of malice in their works. They shall therefore endure penalization for a short space, but immortal blessedness having no terminate awaits them… the penalties to be inflicted for their many and grave sins are very far surpassed by the magnitude of the mercy to be shown to them."^[12]

Ilaria Ramelli, a scholar of the Early on Patristic history writes, "In the minds of some, universal conservancy is a heretical idea that was imported into Christianity from pagan philosophies past Origen" (c.185–253/iv).^[thirteen] Ramelli argues that this view is mistaken and that Christian theologians were the first people to proclaim that all will be saved and that their reasons for doing so were rooted in their organized religion in Christ.

Eternal Hell in Christian history [edit]

Christian Universalists affirm that the doctrine of eternal Hell was not a function of Christ's teachings nor even the early on church, and that information technology was added in.^[14] The showtime clear mention of countless misery is to exist establish in a work from 155-165 CE by Tatian.^[xv] According to Theologian Edward Beecher in the first four centuries there were six main theological schools and merely one of them advocated the idea of eternal Hell.^[16]

Origins of the idea of Hell as eternal [edit]

Christian universalists point towards the mistranslations of the Greek word αιών (Lit. aion- an epoch of time), every bit giving rise to the idea of eternal Hell.^[17] Dr. Ken Vincent writes "When it (aion) was translated into Latin Vulgate, 'aion' became 'aeternam' which means 'eternal." He also states that the first written record of the idea of an eternal Hell comes from Tertullian, who wrote in Latin.

The second major source of the idea of Hell as eternal was the quaternary-century theologian Augustine. Co-ordinate to writer Steve Gregg, it was Tertullian'southward writings, plus Augustine's views and writings on eternal Hell which "overwhelmed" the other views of a temporary Hell. First Augustine's views of Hell were accepted in the early Latin Church building, out of which rose the Roman Cosmic church. Up until The Reformation Augustine's view of Hell equally eternal was not questioned.^[18]

Mistranslation of the Greek Word "Aion" [edit]

Nigh the word aion as having connotations of "age" or "temporal", the 19th-century theologian Marvin Vincent wrote:

Aion, transliterated aeon, is a period of longer or shorter duration, having a commencement and an end, and complete in itself. Aristotle (peri ouranou, i. 9,xv) says: "The period which includes the whole fourth dimension of one's life is called the aeon of each one." Hence it often means the life of a man, as in Homer, where one's life (aion) is said to get out him or to consume away (Iliad v. 685; Odyssey v. 160). It is not, however, limited to homo life; it signifies any period in the course of events, as the period or age earlier Christ; the period of the millennium; the mythological period before the beginnings of history.

The adjective aionios in similar mode carries the idea of time. Neither the noun nor the adjective, in themselves, carry the sense of endless or everlasting. They may acquire that sense by their connotation, as, on the other hand, aidios, which means everlasting, has its meaning limited to a given point of time in Jude 6. Aionios ways enduring through or pertaining to a period of time. Both the substantive and the describing word are applied to express periods.

Words which are habitually practical to things temporal or material cannot behave in themselves the sense of endlessness. Fifty-fifty when applied to God, nosotros are not forced to render aionios everlasting. Of class the life of God is endless; but the question is whether, in describing God as aionios, it was intended to describe the elapsing of his being, or whether some different and larger idea was not contemplated.^[xix]

Arguments against the idea of eternal Hell [edit]

Author Thomas Talbott states that if 1 believes in the idea of eternal Hell or that some souls will be destroyed, one must either allow go of the idea that it is God's wish and desires to save all beings, or accept the idea that God wants to, but volition not "successfully accomplish his will and satisfy his own desire in this matter."^[20]

Author David Burnfield defends the postmortem view, that God continues to evangelize to people even afterward they die (1 Chron xvi:34; Isa ix:2; Rom viii:35-39; Eph four:8-9; 1 Pet 3:18-20; 4:6) The main problem with the traditional view – and one that has never been satisfactorily addressed – is how can one "have Christ" if they have never heard of Christ, or were unable to sympathise the message for being likewise immature or mentally handicapped, etc.

History [edit]

According to the New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1912), over the starting time v hundred years of Christian history there are records of at least half dozen theological schools: Iv of these schools were Universalist (one each in Alexandria, Antioch, Caesarea, and Edessa–Nisibis), i taught conditional immortality (in Ephesus), and the terminal taught eternal hell (in Carthage or Rome).^[21]

John Murray, who is called the "Father of American Universalism," was a disciple of the Welshman James Relly and promoted Relly's Universalist form of Methodism in America.^{[ citation needed ]} He was a fundamental figure in the founding of the Universalist Church of America in 1793. He served as pastor of the Universalist Gild of Boston and wrote many hymns.

Another important figure in early on American Christian Universalism was George de Benneville, a French Huguenot preacher and doc who was imprisoned for advocating Universalism and later emigrated to Pennsylvania where he continued preaching on the subject. De Benneville was noted for his friendly and respectful relationship with Native Americans and his pluralistic and multicultural view of spiritual truth which was well ahead of his fourth dimension. One of his most significant accomplishments was helping to produce the Sauer Bible, the starting time German language Bible printed in America. In this Bible version, passages teaching universal reconciliation were marked in boldface.^[22]

Other meaning early on mod Christian Universalist leaders include Elhanan Winchester, a Baptist preacher who wrote several books promoting the universal salvation of all souls after a period in purgatory, who founded the first Universalist church building in Philadelphia, and founded a church that ministered to African American slaves in South Carolina;^[23] Hosea Ballou, a Universalist preacher and author in New England;^[24] and Hannah Whitall Smith, a author and evangelist from a Quaker background who was agile in the Holiness movement as well every bit the women's suffrage and temperance movements.^[25]

The Unity Schoolhouse of Christianity, founded in 1889 by Charles and Myrtle Fillmore, has taught some Universalist beliefs such every bit God's full goodness, the divine nature of human beings, and the rejection of the traditional Christian belief that God condemns people to hell.^[26]

The Universalist Church of America gradually declined in the early on to mid 20th century and merged with the American Unitarian Association in 1961, creating the modernistic-twenty-four hours Unitarian Universalist Clan, which does not officially subscribe to exclusively Christian theology. Christian Universalism largely passed into obscurity for the next few decades with the end of the Universalist Church as a divide denomination. Still, the Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship remains as an organization for Christians from the Unitarian Universalist tradition and liberal Christians interested in Unitarianism and Universalism.^[27]

Some Christians from a Pentecostal background who were involved in the Latter Rain Movement of the 1940s and 1950s came to believe in the ideas of Christian Universalism on their own, separately from the Universalist Church tradition. They emphasized the teachings of universal reconciliation and theosis. These ideas were spread primarily through newsletters and traveling evangelists from the 1950s to 1980s, and were not typically identified by the term "Universalism". The just significant organization representing these beliefs that emerged within the Charismatic tradition was the Home Missions Church building, a loosely organized network of ministers and firm churches founded in 1944.

Universal reconciliation and pre-modern Christianity [edit]

Yale Professor of Philosophy Keith DeRose points out that in the Christian Scriptures in that location are verses which point to universal reconciliation and verses which signal to destruction or eternal penalty for some. If nosotros wait just to scripture, he argues that Universalism is not only based in scripture, merely has a stronger scriptural bankroll than the position of destruction or eternal damnation. Like early Christians, he points to Purgatorial Hell, a temporary place of cleansing of sin that will exist necessary for some as a fashion to reconcile these seeming differences.^[28]

Modern types [edit]

There are three general types of Christian Universalism today – Evangelical Universalism, Charismatic Universalism, and Liberal Christian Universalism – which by themselves or in combination with one another describe the vast majority of currently existing and identifiable versions of Christian Universalist conventionalities and exercise.

Evangelical Universalism [edit]

The blazon of Christian Universalism that departs the least from orthodox or traditional Protestant Christian doctrine is Evangelical (Christian) Universalism, also called Biblical or Trinitarian Universalism. Evangelical Universalists hold to conservative positions on near theological or doctrinal issues except for the doctrine of hell, in which case they assert universal reconciliation instead of eternal torment.^[29] They tend to emphasize the substitutionary atonement of Jesus Christ for the sins of all humanity as the basis for their Universalism.

In 2006 a mainstream evangelical writer, revealed^[30] as Robin Parry in 2009, under the pseudonym of "Gregory MacDonald" (taken from the names, Gregory of Nyssa and George MacDonald) released a book The Evangelical Universalist.^[31] In 2008 this inspired the creation of a forum,^[32] featuring "Gregory MacDonald" and Thomas Talbott, to hash out Evangelical Universalism and related topics. Evangelical Universalists derive a large part of their behavior from Evangelicalism and Reformed theology. Many of them come up from an Evangelical Christian background, only they may or may not identify with this movement and seek to remain with it.

Some Evangelical Universalists avoid using the give-and-take "Universalism" to depict their beliefs, perchance because of the negative connotations of this word among bourgeois Christians. Culling terms that are in utilize among Evangelical Universalists include the "Larger Hope" or "Blessed Hope" and the "Victorious Gospel".^[33]

Charismatic Universalism [edit]

Some Christians with a background in the Charismatic motility or Pentecostalism have adult a version of Universalism which could be called Charismatic (Christian) Universalism. Charismatic Universalists commonly do not call their theology "Universalism" but commonly refer to their specific beliefs past the terms "Reconciliation" (shorthand for universal reconciliation, the doctrine of apocatastasis) and "Sonship" (autograph for "Manifest Sonship" which is a variant of the doctrine of theosis).^[34] The term "Feast of Tabernacles" is used by some Charismatic Universalists as a term for their mail service-Pentecostal spiritual tradition, reflecting a symbolic estimation of this Jewish festival as an entrance into a fuller knowledge and relationship with God and understanding of God's plan for humanity.^[35]

Charismatic Universalism is marked by its emphasis on theosis; the idea that the return of Christ is a torso of perfected human being beings who are the "Manifested Sons of God" instead of a literal return of the person of Jesus;^[36] the idea that these Sons will reign on the globe and transform all other homo beings from sin to perfection during an age that is coming soon (a version of millennialism);^[37] and the absolute sovereignty of God, the nonexistence or severe limitation of homo free volition, and the inevitable triumph of God's plan of universal reconciliation.^[38] Some see similarities to the teachings of Jacob Arminius, a Dutch theologian who tried to modify John Calvin's teachings about predestination.

Many Charismatic Universalists meet in house churches or do non belong to a church at all. Nearly of the evidence of Universalism existing as a school of thought inside the Charismatic movement is found in a large number of internet-based ministries that are informally networked with i another.^[39]

Liberal Christian Universalism [edit]

Liberal Christian Universalists include some members of mainline Protestant denominations, some people influenced by the New Age and New Idea movements, some people in the emerging church building motility, some Unitarian Universalists who continue to follow Jesus as their primary spiritual teacher, and some Christians from other religious backgrounds who may or may not attend church.

Liberal Christian Universalism emphasizes the all-inclusive beloved of God and tends to be more open up to finding truth and value in non-Christian spiritual traditions compared to the attitude of other forms of Christian Universalism, while remaining generally Christ-centered.^[forty] In dissimilarity to Evangelical Universalism, Liberal Christian Universalism views the Bible as an imperfect homo document containing divine revelations, is not necessarily Trinitarian, and oft downplays or rejects blood amende theology in its view of the crucifixion of Jesus.^[41] Some Liberal Christian Universalists believe in mystical philosophies such as panentheism and process theology, Gnostic or New Historic period ideas such as the preexistence and reincarnation of the soul,^[42] and New Thought ideas such as the law of attraction.^[43]

The Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship is an organization for Liberal Christian Universalists, particularly those who belong to the Unitarian Universalist Association. The Liberal Cosmic Church, the Catholic Universalist Church and the Unity Church building are liberal Christian denominations which teach some Universalist behavior.^{[44] [45] [46]}

Hybrid types [edit]

Former Pentecostal Bishop Carlton Pearson's "Gospel of Inclusion" appears to be a hybrid between Charismatic and Liberal Christian Universalism. He is now a minister in the United Church of Christ, a liberal Christian denomination, but continues to believe in some ideas and practices of Pentecostal or Charismatic forms of Christianity. Pearson has also incorporated some New Age and New Idea teachings into his message.^[47] Brian McLaren is a Christian leader in the emerging church building movement who is sympathetic to the idea of Universalism but does not encompass it.^[48]

A number of ministers and evangelists connected with Restoration Nation conferences are Universalists who draw from both the Evangelical and Charismatic traditions.^[49] One notable example is Robert Rutherford, a government minister from Georgia (USA) who was a finalist on The Learning Channel's 2006 reality TV series The Messengers.^[50] Some other case is Dick King, an contained Charismatic Baptist pastor in Northward Piffling Rock, Arkansas, whose church left the Southern Baptist Convention in 2004.^[51]

Modern proponents [edit]

The conversion of Bishop Carlton Pearson to a class of Universalism and his subsequent excommunication by the Joint Higher of African-American Pentecostal Bishops in 2004 acquired Christian Universalism to gain increased media attention because of Pearson'due south popularity and celebrity status.^[52]

Disagreements [edit]

There are many religious problems on which Christian Universalists disagree with each other, depending on their theological background and denominational tradition. Some examples include:

• Diverse views of atonement
• Whether non-Christians tin exist saved in Christ (inclusivism), or whether salvation occurs but subsequently profession of belief in the Lordship of Jesus Christ (exclusivism).

Run into also [edit]

• Apokatastasis
• Catechetical School of Alexandria
• Christian panentheism
• Divinization (Christian)
• Essence–energies distinction
• List of Christian Universalists
• Archaic Baptist Universalist
• Problem of Hell
• Conservancy (Christianity)
• School of Antioch
• Schools of Nisibis and Edessa
• Trinitarian Universalism
• Universal reconciliation

References [edit]

1. ^ Gregory MacDonald. All Shall Be Well (2011), p. 1: 'At the most uncomplicated level Christian universalism is the belief that God will (or, in the case of "hopeful universalism," might) redeem all people through the saving piece of work of Christ.'
2. ^ Russell Streeter Familiar conversations: in which the salvation of all flesh is ... – Page 266 1835 "Nosotros now come to those distinguished men, MURRAY and WINCHESTER, who, as our oppo- sers would have people believe, were the inventors and get-go preachers of Christian Universalism."
3. ^ The Christian repository: Volume 9 – Page 218 Church of the United Brethren in Christ (1800–1889) – 1829 "In a piece entitled Christian Universalism, in the Christian Intelligencer, volume 3d, page 4, he wrote the following: "The Editor," speaking of himself, "deems it a solemn obligation to protest confronting proceedings calculated to make an"
4. ^ The journal of Unitarian Universalist history: Volumes 26–28 Unitarian Universalist Historical Society – 1999 "The adoption of the name Christian Universalist can, nevertheless, be explained plausibly in the context of Dean's debate with Aesop. "
5. ^ J.Due west. Hanson. Universalism: The Prevailing Doctrine Of The Christian Church During Its First 500 Years. Boston and Chicago: Universalist Publishing House, 1899. Archive: Prevailing Tentmaker.org.
6. ^ Hanson, John Wesley. Universalism: The Prevailing Doctrine of the Christian Church During its First V Hundred Years. ISBN978-0559563157.
7. ^ "Plainly Guide to Universalism Chapter 2, Paragraph 1". Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2017-03-14 .
8. ^ Hanson, J.W. (1888). "Destroy Soul and Body in Hell". The Bible Hell (4th ed.). Boston: Universalist Publishing House. : "The immortal soul is not meant, but the life. As though Jesus had said: 'Fear Not those who can only kill the trunk, but rather him, who if he chose could annihilate the whole being.'"
9. ^ "Celebrated and Universalist Professions of Organized religion". Auburn Academy. n.d. sec. 5 Principles of Organized religion. Archived from the original on 2016-08-xv. Retrieved 2017-04-24 .
10. ^ [1] Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine Plain Guide to Universalism Affiliate 2, Section Iii There are some Universalists who concord to penalization afterwards death, yet, nosotros are glad to hail them every bit Universalists. They concur with united states in our views of the great consummation, -- all punishment, in their view, is disciplinary, and they denounce punishment, either in this earth or the side by side, having any other object, equally brutal and unjust.
11. ^ Moss, Aron. "Do Jews Believe in Hell?". Chabad.org . Retrieved 25 February 2020.
12. ^ J. W. Hanson, citing Assemani Bib. Orientalis, 3, p. 324.
13. ^ Ramelli, Ilaria (2019). A Larger Promise?, Volume 1: Universal Conservancy from Christian Beginnings to Julian of Norwich. Cascade Books. ISBN9781610978842.
14. ^ McMillen, Jacob "How & When The Idea of Eternal Torment Invaded Church Doctrine" [2]
15. ^ "Tatian's Address to the Greeks, chap. 13. & XIV". Retrieved three August 2017.
16. ^ Edward Beecher, "HISTORY OF OPINIONS ON THE SCRIPTURAL DOCTRINE OF RETRIBUTION"[iii] "What, then, was the land of facts as to the leading theological schools of the Christian earth, in the age of Origen, and some centuries after? It was, in brief, this: There were at least six theological schools in the Church at large. Of these vi schools, one, and only i, was decidedly and earnestly in favor of the doctrine of time to come eternal punishment. One was in favor of the annihilation of the wicked. Two were in favor of the doctrine of universal restoration on the principles of Origen, and two in favor of universal restoration on the principles of Theodore of Mopsuestia."
17. ^ ""Eternal" Penalty (Matthew 25:46) Is NOT Found In The Greek New Testament". www.tentmaker.org.
18. ^ Gregg, Steve. All You ever Wanted to Know about Hell p.130=131
19. ^ Vincent, Marvin. "Note on Olethron Aionion (eternal destruction)". Discussion Studies in the New Testament. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
20. ^ Talbott, Thomas, "Heaven and Hell in Christian Idea", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Leap 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), forthcoming URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/heaven-hell/>. "Theists who take the traditional thought of everlasting penalization, or even the idea of an everlasting separation from God, must either reject the idea that God wills or desires to salve all humans and thus desires to reconcile them all to himself (see proposition (i) in department i in a higher place) or pass up the thought that God will successfully achieve his volition and satisfy his own want in this thing "
21. ^ "Christian Universalism". The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. New York, London: Funk and Wagnalls Company. 12: 96.
22. ^ "George de Benneville". 5-temp.uua.org. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-11-09 .
23. ^ "Elhanan Winchester" Archived 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Automobile. UUA.org, "Biographies: Elehan Winchester". TentMaker.org.
24. ^ "Hosea Ballou". v-temp.uua.org. Archived from the original on 2011-x-04. Retrieved 2011-11-09 .
25. ^ "Hannah Whitall Smith". Tentmaker.org. Retrieved 2011-xi-09 .
26. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions about Unity". Unityonline.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09 .
27. ^ "Who Are The UU Christians?". Uuchristian.org. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-11-09 .
28. ^ "Universalism and the Bible – Keith DeRose".
29. ^ "Evangelical Universalism – Oxymoron". JasonClark.church building February 25, 2008.
30. ^ Parry, Robin (2009-08-29). "Theological Scribbles: I am the Evangelical Universalist". Theologicalscribbles.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09 .
31. ^ MacDonald, Gregory (a pseudonym). The Evangelical Universalist. 2006. ISBN ane-59752-365-eight
32. ^ "Forum". Evangelicaluniversalist.com. Retrieved 2011-eleven-09 .
33. ^ Amirault, Gary. "Tentmaker Ministries battles for the Victorious Gospel of Jesus Christ". Tentmaker.org. Tentmaker Ministries. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-11-09 .
34. ^ "From The Candlestick to the Throne, Office 33, The Church building in Ephesus" (section "I Volition Remove Your Candlestick"). Writer refers to "the teaching or doctrine of reconciliation, sonship and the kingdom".
35. ^ "Chapter 7 The Banquet of Tabernacles". gods-kingdom-ministries.org, and "Coming into Light prt 1". ToSeekTheLight blog.
36. ^ See "ID69" Archived 2008-07-19 at the Wayback Machine and "ID349" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. HearingtheTruthofGod.com.
37. ^ "ID269" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Automobile HearingtheTruthofGod.com.
38. ^ "Costless Moral Amanuensis-Eby", Tentmaker.org, and "ID116" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. HearingTheTruthOfGod.com].
39. ^ "is i of the largest collections of links to Charismatic Universalist websites, ministries, business firm churches and groups". Sigler.org. Retrieved 2011-eleven-09 .
40. ^ Not-Christian. SaviorOfTheWOrld.net. Example of this view.
41. ^ See "(section "Christian Universalism 'Endorsed' by Jesus Seminar" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, and "Metaphysical Bible" Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Car, NewBeginningMinistries.com.
42. ^ See Oneness True Spiritual Life" Archived 2008-09-10 at the Wayback Machine, "Conclusion" and "Reincarnation". SavioroftheWorld.com.
43. ^ See "Pastor compares church". SPTimes.com, July 14, 2007. and "You are not your DNS" Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine. Newbeginningsministryies.com.
44. ^ "See especially the section entitled "The Liberal Catholic Act of Faith"". Members.tripod.com. Retrieved 2011-xi-09 .
45. ^ "Unity". Bible.ca
46. ^ "Who we are: Teachings". UnityOnline.org.
47. ^ "New Thought Ministries of Oregon – NTMO.org Homepage". Ntmo.org. Retrieved 2011-xi-09 .
48. ^ Encounter "Brian's rejection that he is a Universalist" Archived 2009-08-08 at the Wayback Car. Run across "Marker Driscoll criticizes fellow Evangelical Brian McLaren for his "denial of hell" and other liberal theological ideas." Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Motorcar Run into also "McLaren discusses his struggle" with the doctrine of eternal hell and his unwillingness to encompass and preach it. Beliefnet.com.
49. ^ "Videos of many conference speakers" ^{[ permanent expressionless link ]} . Restoration-nation.tv.
50. ^ See "Run into the Messengers" Archived 2008-07-05 at the Wayback Auto. Discovery.com, and Robert Rutherford blog.
51. ^ "Our Journey" Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Car. Indian Hills Church building.
52. ^ "'Inclusionism' deemed heresy". Washington Times. WashTimes.com. 2004-04-20. Retrieved 2011-11-09 .

Further reading [edit]

• Bong, Rob ''Beloved Wins: A Book Near Sky, Hell, and the Fate of Every Person Who E'er Lived.'' 2011, New York City, Harper-ane, ISBN 9780062049643
• Bressler, Ann Lee (2001). The Universalist Movement in America, 1770–1880. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Ezekiel Stone Wiggins Universalism unfounded being a complete analysis and refutation of the system Published 1867 in Nepean, Ontario Universalism unfounded
• Cassara, Ernest, ed. (1971). Universalism in America: A Documentary History of a Liberal Faith. Skinner House Books.

External links [edit]

• Christian universalism at Curlie
• The Catholic Universalist Church – Churchly, Sacramental Church in the Liberal Catholic tradition that primarily preaches the gospel of Universal Reconciliation. ^{[ expressionless link ]}
• Christianity as the Universal Religion, Affiliate Eight in Stephen Palmquist, Kant's Disquisitional Religion (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000) – Demonstrates that the 18th century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, regarded the Christian religion as the only "natural organized religion" that has the potential to be spread to all human beings.(403 Forbidden)
• Evangelical Universalism – A website with articles, books, and other materials promoting the biblical doctrine of Evangelical Universalism.
• Evangelical Universalist Forum – Evangelical Universalism Discussion Forum
• A Case for Christian Universalism – A website devoted to supporting Christian Universalism biblically.
• The Sanctuary Downtown Church – Peter Hiett as Pastor / a Church that celebrates God's relentless dearest.
• Tentmaker Ministries – A large website full of manufactures, online books, and other resources promoting Christian Universalism.
• Universalism and the Bible – Keith DeRose, Professor of Philosophy at Yale Academy, defends universalism on biblical grounds.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_universalism

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